Getting Things Done

Allen presents a system for managing commitments based on the argument that the mind is a poor storage device and a good processing device, and that unresolved commitments held in memory consume attention regardless of whether they are being worked on. His term for that is open loops, and his objective is what he calls mind like water, meaning a state where nothing is held mentally because everything is captured in a trusted external system.

The workflow has five stages: capture everything into inboxes, clarify each item by deciding whether it is actionable and what the next physical action is, organise the results into project lists, next action lists by context, a calendar for time-specific items, waiting-for lists and a someday list, reflect through a weekly review, and engage by choosing what to do based on context, time available, energy and priority.

The operational specifics are what distinguish it. The two-minute rule says anything that takes under two minutes should be done immediately rather than tracked. A project is anything requiring more than one action. The next action must be a physical visible activity rather than a category, which Allen identifies as the most common failure since a list item like plan the offsite is not actionable. The weekly review is the component people most often skip and the one the system depends on.

The book is dated in its technology assumptions, describing filing systems and paper inboxes, and later editions update this awkwardly. The system carries real overhead and many people abandon it. Allen offers no research, only his consulting practice. The capture principle and the next action definition have entered general practice independent of the full method.