The Money Game
The classic on markets as a game of psychology and identity
Summary
Adam Smith is the pen name of George Goodman, who wrote this in 1968 about the Wall Street of the 1960s go-go years. The book argues that markets are a game whose outcome depends on the psychology of the participants, and that the first requirement is knowing who you are, because an investor's identity determines what they will actually do when prices move.
The central argument is that people who do not know their own objectives and temperament will discover them expensively. Goodman writes that if you do not know who you are, the stock market is an expensive place to find out, which is the line the book is remembered for. He treats the identification of a security with a person's self-image as the source of most errors, and notes that the stock does not know you own it.
The material covers the professional money managers of the period, described through characters including the Gnome of Zurich and Poor Grenville, the performance culture that rewarded quarterly results, the mutual fund sales machine, and the technical analysts. Goodman is sceptical of the academic random walk work that was new at the time while taking it seriously, and he treats charting with the same scepticism.
The book is written as a series of essays with invented characters and a comic tone, which some readers enjoy and others find dated. The specific market conditions belong entirely to the 1960s, and the institutions described do not exist. Its durability comes from the psychological observations, which describe behaviour that has not changed, and from being the first book to treat market participation as primarily a problem of self-knowledge rather than of analysis.
Key takeaways 8
- An investor's temperament and objectives determine their results more than their analysis does, and most people have never identified either.
- The stock does not know you own it, so any emotional attachment to a position is entirely one-sided and entirely costly.
- Professional managers behave according to how they are measured, and quarterly performance measurement produces behaviour that harms long-run returns.
- Identity gets attached to positions, which is why investors defend losing holdings rather than reassess them.
- Markets are driven by what participants believe other participants will believe, which makes them a game about anticipation rather than about value alone.
- Groups of professional investors converge on the same holdings and then discover that the exit is narrower than the entrance.
- A person who cannot state why they bought a security cannot know when to sell it.
- The market is an expensive place to discover who you are, and self-knowledge acquired before participation is far cheaper.
Who should read it
Investors who want the first and still one of the sharpest treatments of market participation as a problem of self-knowledge rather than of technique.
About Adam Smith
Scottish moral philosopher at the University of Glasgow who founded modern economics with The Wealth of Nations in 1776.
The Wealth of Nations set out how division of labour, self-interest and competitive prices coordinate production without central direction, and it supplies the vocabulary economics still argues in: specialisation, capital accumulation, natural and market price. The Theory of Moral Sentiments supplies the other half, placing exchange inside a system of sympathy and judgement.
Where it sits in the reference 4
Who recommended it 7 · 4 direct
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