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Trading and Exchanges

Trading and Exchanges

Larry Harris
2002
T1 650 pages · about 10h 50m to read Open Librarygoodreads

The standard text on market microstructure and how orders get filled.

Summary

Larry Harris was chief economist of the Securities and Exchange Commission and wrote this comprehensive treatment of market microstructure for practitioners rather than for academics. It is long and covers the field completely.

The organising approach is to identify the participants and what each is trying to do. Harris classifies traders by motive: profit-motivated traders including informed traders, dealers, arbitrageurs and bluffers, and utility-motivated traders including investors, borrowers, hedgers and gamblers. He then shows that the returns to each group come from the others, and that understanding any market requires identifying who is paying whom.

The structural material covers order types and what each does, the difference between order-driven and quote-driven markets, continuous trading and call auctions, the mechanics of clearing and settlement, and the specific roles of brokers, dealers and exchanges. The analytical material covers liquidity and its measurement, transaction cost analysis, the bid-ask spread's components, volatility, informed trading and how dealers protect themselves against it, market manipulation and its forms, and market efficiency. Later sections cover market regulation and the arguments for and against specific rules. Harris writes clearly and the book assumes no mathematics beyond arithmetic. It dates from 2002 and predates the current fragmented electronic structure, but it remains the best single explanation of how trading works and who pays for it.

Key takeaways 7

  1. Every trader's returns come from other traders, so understanding a market requires identifying who is paying whom.
  2. Profit-motivated traders and utility-motivated traders have different objectives, and liquidity flows from the second group to the first.
  3. Liquidity is supplied by dealers who must be compensated for inventory risk and for trading against informed counterparties.
  4. Order-driven and quote-driven market structures allocate the costs of liquidity provision differently among participants.
  5. Transaction costs include the spread, the market impact of the order and the opportunity cost of unfilled orders, and the last is usually ignored.
  6. Manipulation takes specific identifiable forms, and Harris classifies them by mechanism rather than by intent.
  7. Market structure rules determine who bears the cost of liquidity rather than whether that cost exists.

Who should read it

Traders, institutional investors and anyone who needs to understand market mechanics and transaction costs without a mathematical treatment.

Similar books 6

Chosen by shared topics, the entries that hold them, and the people who recommended both.

Barry Johnson · 2010

Execution algorithms and direct market access, from the desk.

Scott Patterson · 2012

How electronic trading and off-exchange venues took over.

Rishi K. Narang · 2009

Plain-language description of what quant trading systems do.

Haim Bodek · 2013

Collected writings by the whistleblower on order-type abuse.

Michael Lewis · 2014

How a trader uncovered high-frequency front-running and built the IEX exchange.

Recommended by: Mohnish Pabrai, Nat Eliason

Liam Vaughan · 2020

A trader in his parents' London house, and his link to the 2010 flash crash.

Where it sits in the reference 1

Business models

Topics

Finance and MarketsInvesting