| Digital minimalism | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-10-31 |
| The cryptographic world computer | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-09-27 |
| Obfuscation (Part III): Local Mixing | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-08-21 |
| Obfuscation (Part II): Diamond iO | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-07-28 |
| Obfuscation: building the final boss of cryptography (Part I) | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-06-29 |
| A shallow dive into formal verification | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-05-18 |
| My self-sovereign / local / private / secure LLM setup, April 2026 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2026-04-02 |
| Balance of power | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-12-30 |
| Let a thousand societies bloom | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-12-17 |
| Plinko PIR tutorial | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-11-25 |
| Galaxy brain resistance | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-11-07 |
| A GKR Tutorial | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-10-19 |
| Memory access is O(N^[1/3]) | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-10-05 |
| The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-09-24 |
| Low-risk defi can be for Ethereum what search was for Google | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-09-21 |
| On idea-driven ideas | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-08-12 |
| "I support it only if it's open source" should be a more common viewpoint | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-08-12 |
| My response to AI 2027 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-07-10 |
| Why I used to prefer permissive licenses and now favor copyleft | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-07-07 |
| Does digital ID have risks even if it's ZK-wrapped? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-06-28 |
| A simple explanation of a/(b+c) + b/(c+a) + c/(a+b) = 4 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-05-11 |
| The math of when stage 1 and stage 2 make sense | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-05-06 |
| Simplifying the L1 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-05-03 |
| Why I support privacy | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-04-14 |
| We should talk less about public goods funding and more about open source funding | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-03-29 |
| The tree ring model of culture and politics | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-03-29 |
| AI as the engine, humans as the steering wheel | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-02-28 |
| Reasons to have higher L1 gas limits even in an L2-heavy Ethereum | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-02-14 |
| Scaling Ethereum L1 and L2s in 2025 and beyond | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-01-23 |
| d/acc: one year later | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2025-01-05 |
| What I would love to see in a wallet | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-12-03 |
| From prediction markets to info finance | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-11-09 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 6: The Splurge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-29 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 5: The Purge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-26 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 4: The Verge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-23 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 3: The Scourge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-20 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 2: The Surge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-17 |
| Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 1: The Merge | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-10-14 |
| Making Ethereum alignment legible | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-09-28 |
| Glue and coprocessor architectures | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-09-02 |
| Plurality philosophy in an incredibly oversized nutshell | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-08-21 |
| Review: museums of the future, Dubai and Tokyo | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-08-03 |
| Exploring circle STARKs | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-07-23 |
| Against choosing your political allegiances based on who is "pro-crypto" | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-07-17 |
| Epochs and slots all the way down: ways to give Ethereum users faster transaction confirmation times | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-06-30 |
| Some reflections on the Bitcoin block size war | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-05-31 |
| Layer 2s as cultural extensions of Ethereum | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-05-29 |
| How do layer 2s really differ from execution sharding? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-05-23 |
| The near and mid-term future of improving the Ethereum network's permissionlessness and decentralization | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-05-17 |
| Multidimensional gas pricing | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-05-09 |
| Binius: highly efficient proofs over binary fields | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-04-29 |
| Degen communism: the only correct political ideology | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-04-01 |
| What else could memecoins be? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-03-29 |
| Ethereum has blobs. Where do we go from here? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-03-28 |
| Ask security questions | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-02-09 |
| The end of my childhood | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-01-31 |
| The promise and challenges of crypto + AI applications | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2024-01-30 |
| Make Ethereum Cypherpunk Again | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-12-28 |
| My techno-optimism | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-11-27 |
| Exit games for EVM validiums: the return of Plasma | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-11-14 |
| Different types of layer 2s | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-10-31 |
| Should Ethereum be okay with enshrining more things in the protocol? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-09-30 |
| What do I think about Community Notes? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-08-16 |
| What do I think about biometric proof of personhood? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-07-24 |
| Deeper dive on cross-L2 reading for wallets and other use cases | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-06-20 |
| The Three Transitions | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-06-09 |
| Don't overload Ethereum's consensus | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-05-21 |
| Travel time ~= 750 * distance ^ 0.6 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-04-14 |
| How will Ethereum's multi-client philosophy interact with ZK-EVMs? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-03-31 |
| Some personal user experiences | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-02-28 |
| An incomplete guide to stealth addresses | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2023-01-20 |
| What even is an institution? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-12-30 |
| Updating my blog: a quick GPT chatbot coding experiment | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-12-06 |
| What in the Ethereum application ecosystem excites me | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-12-05 |
| Having a safe CEX: proof of solvency and beyond | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-11-19 |
| The Revenue-Evil Curve: a different way to think about prioritizing public goods funding | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-10-28 |
| DAOs are not corporations: where decentralization in autonomous organizations matters | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-09-20 |
| What kind of layer 3s make sense? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-09-17 |
| Should there be demand-based recurring fees on ENS domains? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-09-09 |
| The different types of ZK-EVMs | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-08-04 |
| What do I think about network states? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-07-13 |
| My 40-liter backpack travel guide | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-06-20 |
| Some ways to use ZK-SNARKs for privacy | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-06-15 |
| Where to use a blockchain in non-financial applications? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-06-12 |
| Two thought experiments to evaluate automated stablecoins | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-05-25 |
| In Defense of Bitcoin Maximalism | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-04-01 |
| The roads not taken | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-03-29 |
| How do trusted setups work? | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-03-14 |
| Encapsulated vs systemic complexity in protocol design | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-02-28 |
| Soulbound | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2022-01-26 |
| The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-12-19 |
| Endgame | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-12-06 |
| Review of Optimism retro funding round 1 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-11-16 |
| Halo and more: exploring incremental verification and SNARKs without pairings | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-11-05 |
| Crypto Cities | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-10-31 |
| On Nathan Schneider on the limits of cryptoeconomics | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-09-26 |
| Alternatives to selling at below-market-clearing prices for achieving fairness (or community sentiment, or fun) | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-08-22 |
| Moving beyond coin voting governance | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-08-16 |
| Against overuse of the Gini coefficient | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-07-29 |
| Verkle trees | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-06-18 |
| Blockchain voting is overrated among uninformed people but underrated among informed people | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-05-25 |
| The Limits to Blockchain Scalability | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-05-23 |
| Why sharding is great: demystifying the technical properties | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-04-07 |
| Gitcoin Grants Round 9: The Next Phase of Growth | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-04-02 |
| The Most Important Scarce Resource is Legitimacy | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-03-23 |
| Prediction Markets: Tales from the Election | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-02-18 |
| An approximate introduction to how zk-SNARKs are possible | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-01-26 |
| Why we need wide adoption of social recovery wallets | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-01-11 |
| An Incomplete Guide to Rollups | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2021-01-05 |
| Endnotes on 2020: Crypto and Beyond | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-12-28 |
| Convex and Concave Dispositions | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-11-08 |
| Why Proof of Stake (Nov 2020) | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-11-06 |
| Gitcoin Grants Round 7 Retrospective | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-10-18 |
| Coordination, Good and Bad | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-09-11 |
| Trust Models | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-08-20 |
| A Philosophy of Blockchain Validation | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-08-17 |
| Gitcoin Grants Round 6 Retrospective | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-07-22 |
| Exploring Fully Homomorphic Encryption | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-07-20 |
| Gitcoin Grants Round 5 Retrospective | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-04-30 |
| A Quick Garbled Circuits Primer | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-03-21 |
| Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 4 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2020-01-28 |
| Base Layers And Functionality Escape Velocity | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-12-26 |
| Christmas Special | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-12-24 |
| Quadratic Payments: A Primer | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-12-07 |
| Hard Problems in Cryptocurrency: Five Years Later | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-11-22 |
| Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 3 | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-10-24 |
| In-person meatspace protocol to prove unconditional possession of a private key | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-10-01 |
| Understanding PLONK | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-09-22 |
| The Dawn of Hybrid Layer 2 Protocols | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-08-28 |
| Sidechains vs Plasma vs Sharding | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-06-12 |
| Fast Fourier Transforms | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-05-12 |
| Control as Liability | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-05-09 |
| On Free Speech | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-04-16 |
| On Collusion | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-04-03 |
| [Mirror] Cantor was Wrong: debunking the infinite set hierarchy | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2019-04-01 |
| A CBC Casper Tutorial | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-12-05 |
| [Mirror] Central Planning as Overfitting | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-11-25 |
| Layer 1 Should Be Innovative in the Short Term but Less in the Long Term | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-08-26 |
| A Guide to 99% Fault Tolerant Consensus | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-08-07 |
| STARKs, Part 3: Into the Weeds | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-07-21 |
| On Radical Markets | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-04-20 |
| Governance, Part 2: Plutocracy Is Still Bad | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2018-03-28 |
| Sharding FAQ | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-12-31 |
| Proof of Stake FAQ | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-12-31 |
| Notes on Blockchain Governance | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-12-17 |
| A Quick Gasprice Market Analysis | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-12-14 |
| STARKs, Part II: Thank Goodness It's FRI-day | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-11-22 |
| STARKs, Part I: Proofs with Polynomials | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-11-09 |
| On Medium-of-Exchange Token Valuations | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-10-17 |
| A Prehistory of the Ethereum Protocol | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-09-14 |
| A Note on Metcalfe's Law, Externalities and Ecosystem Splits | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-07-27 |
| The Triangle of Harm | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-07-16 |
| On Path Independence | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-06-22 |
| Analyzing Token Sale Models | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-06-09 |
| Engineering Security Through Coordination Problems | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-05-08 |
| Hard Forks, Soft Forks, Defaults and Coercion | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-03-14 |
| A Note On Charity Through Marginal Price Discrimination | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-03-11 |
| [Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-02-01 |
| [Mirror] Exploring Elliptic Curve Pairings | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2017-01-14 |
| [Mirror] A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2016-12-29 |
| [Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero | Vitalik Buterin's website | 2016-12-10 |