Updates

  1. Person pages list letters, writing, profiles and links as sortable tables with filters, and show each person's companies as links; Fund letters show each letter's description in its own column.
  2. Experts show a checked job title and a short description of each person; 30 more people have photographs.
  3. Every company, fund, university and publication the experts work for has a page listing the people there.
  4. Fund letters show each letter's thesis and filter by it; 225 person pages list the essays, columns and newsletter issues the person wrote.
  5. Person pages list every essay and newsletter issue a person wrote, and their own books as a table in List view.
  6. Recommends shows the five largest kinds of book and the rest under More; browse pictures load sooner.
  7. Podcasts and talks link the original episode, filter by Audio and video or Press, and list each publisher once.
  8. Pages are wider, Recommends has List and Grid, and a filter clicked again turns off.
  9. Book cards sit in a ruled grid with Open Library and Goodreads links and each book's one-line note.
  10. Funds is now Investors; each investor's styles are buttons that filter the table.
  11. Podcasts and talks on a person's page filter by year and publisher and show as a list or a grid of pictures.
  12. Quotes show only people's own words: 472 summaries written by list sites are gone.
  13. Country pages open from Browse again, and every link on the shelf lands on a page.
  14. Subject and person pages show their sections as tabs, and each book appears once on a person's page.
  15. Book cards show the quote, who said it and the source; grids show five cards to a row.
  16. On a phone, a menu holds the sections, search, Updates, Feedback and dark mode.
  17. Feedback takes a screenshot of the page with no browser prompt, opens a screenshot full size when you click it, and clears itself once sent.
  18. Book cards are centred, search names the topic each book sits in, and any text cut short shows whole on hover.
  19. Search groups its results by kind: people, companies, geographies, subjects, topics, books, funds, fund letters and papers.
  20. The Books table lists who recommended each book by name, and the browser tab names the section you are in.
  21. Feedback can take a screenshot of the page, or one you paste or choose, and opens in the corner beside Updates.
  22. Each rail button reopens its section where you left it, and Browse, Table and People show on every book and subject page.
  23. Filters grey out choices that hold nothing instead of hiding them, and Books › People filters by authors or recommenders.
  24. Feedback takes a subject line and up to three screenshots.
  25. Biographies are grouped by the person they are about: 41 new pages, from Abraham Lincoln to Lee Kuan Yew.
  26. Sport splits into 23 sports, and Religion into one topic per faith.
  27. Book lists show as cards: the cover, one recommendation quote and every recommender by name.
  28. Seventeen subjects that had two or three pages under different names now have one page each.
  29. Every page lists its Experts as authors and recommenders, with a link to them on the Experts tab.
  30. Economics, Financial history, Financial panics and Accounting are subjects of their own, with one page per financial crisis.
  31. Book, person and subject pages open inside the app, so the tabs stay in view.
  32. 996 more book covers, and photographs or logos for 227 more people and companies.
  33. Books › Browse shows every subject as cards, and the rail holds Fund letters, Papers, Experts, Books and Funds.
  34. Every topic over 150 books splits into narrower topics, each with a page of its own.

Send feedback

What is it?
Screenshots, up to 3 (optional)
or paste one with Ctrl+V

We use your email only to reply to you.

The Network State

The Network State

Balaji Srinivasan
2022
T3 Open Librarygoodreads

Argument that online communities can become sovereign; crypto-native politics

Summary

Srinivasan argues that new sovereign entities can be created by starting with an online community, building internal cohesion around a shared moral position, crowdfunding physical territory in many locations rather than one contiguous area, and eventually obtaining diplomatic recognition. He calls the result a network state and gives a one-sentence definition that he then unpacks across the book.

The sequence he proposes runs from a startup society, to a network union with collective action capability, to a network archipelago holding physical property, to a network state with recognition. He argues that crowdfunded property acquisition allows a community to accumulate territory without conquest, and that census and cryptographic proof can substitute for the census and land registry functions of existing states.

His historical framing divides recent centuries by the dominant technology of communication and records, and he argues that the state, the corporation and the crypto network are three successive forms of collective organisation. His political analysis positions three competing forces, which he labels the American establishment, the Chinese Communist Party and the decentralised crypto community, and much of the book is a critique of the first, particularly of institutional media.

The practical obstacles receive less attention than the vision. Recognition requires existing states to grant it, and no mechanism is offered for why they would. Defence, jurisdiction over disputes, treatment of dissenters and the position of people who cannot exit are addressed briefly. The book is long, discursive and repeats its political arguments. Its influence in cryptocurrency circles is substantial and its practical demonstrations so far are small.

Key takeaways 8

  1. A new sovereign entity can be built starting from an online community rather than from territory, reversing the historical sequence.
  2. A network state accumulates physical territory through crowdfunded property purchases in many locations rather than as one contiguous area.
  3. Collective action capability, demonstrated by a community's ability to act together, is the test that distinguishes a network union from a mere online group.
  4. Cryptographic proof and an on-chain census can substitute for the record-keeping functions that give states their administrative authority.
  5. A shared moral position that existing states reject is what gives a startup society enough cohesion to sustain the effort.
  6. Exit rather than voice is the mechanism Srinivasan proposes for political change, since building an alternative is treated as easier than reforming an existing state.
  7. The recognition problem remains unsolved, since diplomatic recognition must be granted by existing states and no mechanism is offered for obtaining it.
  8. Srinivasan treats the decentralised crypto community as one of three competing global forces alongside the American establishment and the Chinese state.

Who should read it

Investors and founders in cryptocurrency and governance experiments who want the fullest statement of the network state thesis and its unresolved problems.

Who recommended it 6

Similar books 6

Chosen by shared topics, the entries that hold them, and the people who recommended both.

James Dale Davidson, William Rees-Mogg · 1997

1997 forecast of digital money weakening the nation state

Andreas M. Antonopoulos · 2014

How Bitcoin works underneath: keys, addresses, transactions, mining and the network.

Recommended by: Balaji S. Srinivasan

Jason Bade, Scott Bade Steve Hilton

A manifesto for redesigning politics, government and the economy around human scale.

Recommended by: Reid Hoffman

Peter W. Huber · 1994

Alternating fiction and essay, a rewrite of Nineteen Eighty-Four with a new ending.

Recommended by: Mark Zuckerberg

Saifedean Ammous · 2018

Sound money must hold value over time, and Bitcoin's fixed supply makes it such.

Where it sits in the reference 1

Assets

Topics

Politics and GovernmentTechnology and ComputingPolitical philosophy and ideologyTechnology and society