
The gap between conservatively estimated value and the price actually paid, demanded up front so a flawed appraisal or bad luck still returns your capital. It is a budget for being wrong, not a source of extra return. The discipline is refusing to pay more than a fraction of your own estimate, however attractive the story.
How to read financial statements sceptically and value bonds and stocks.
“I've spent more time with all of the editions of Benjamin Graham and David Dodd's Security Analysis than with any other book” — Christopher Bloomstran
Source: Semper Augustus 2024 Letter to Clients, 'Books and Tunes for Walking', p. 95
Recommended by: Christopher Bloomstran, Howard Marks and 11 others
Treat stocks as parts of businesses and buy only with a margin of safety.
“I have been accused of telling all my secrets. I have written a number of books, and I reveal them all in these books.” — Benjamin Graham
Source: Graham on revealing everything he knows in his books
Recommended by: Benjamin Graham, Christopher Bloomstran and 27 others
A plant manager learns that a system's output is set by its bottleneck.
Recommended by: Mohnish Pabrai, Nat Eliason and 5 others
Avoid permanent loss: buy well below value and aim for absolute returns.
“Seth Klarman's 'Margin of Safety' is a good book about risk.” — Arnold Van Den Berg
Source: Van Den Berg on Margin of Safety as a book about risk
Recommended by: Arnold Van Den Berg, Frank Martin, Guy Spier and 6 others
The explicit argument for cloning rather than originating ideas.
“It is, without a doubt, my most recommended book on investing” — Andrew Wilkinson
Source: @awilkinson on X, 22 May 2024
Recommended by: Andrew Wilkinson, Guy Spier and 1 other
Benjamin Grahamwrote 2 books here
William Ackmanrecommends 3 books here
Benjamin Grahamrecommends 1 book here
Charlie Mungerrecommends 1 book here