Each outcome's payoff weighted by its probability, summed. It separates good decisions from good outcomes: a position can lose money and still have been correct, or pay off and still have been reckless. The discipline is writing the probabilities down before the market grades the paper.
How people learned to measure risk, from early probability to portfolio theory.
“I think some of the books that are a must would be Peter Bernstein's book about risk, Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk.” — Charles de Vaulx
Source: De Vaulx naming Bernstein's book a must-read on risk
Recommended by: Charles de Vaulx, Jim Collins and 8 others
The Kelly criterion for sizing bets, from Bell Labs to casinos and hedge funds.
Recommended by: Mohnish Pabrai
Essays on investing philosophy, psychology, competition and science.
Recommended by: Rational Capital Investment Fund
The explicit argument for cloning rather than originating ideas.
“It is, without a doubt, my most recommended book on investing” — Andrew Wilkinson
Source: @awilkinson on X, 22 May 2024
Recommended by: Andrew Wilkinson, Guy Spier and 1 other
Judge decisions by their reasoning, not their outcomes, and think in odds.
Recommended by: Ev Williams, Ana Fabrega, Jason Fried and 5 others
“To quote Aaron Brown—a legendary Morgan Stanley derivatives trader and poker expert—from his extraordinary book” — Marc Andreessen
Source: The Pmarca Guide to Career Planning, Part 1: Opportunity
Recommended by: Marc Andreessen
Binmore on when Bayesian decision theory applies and when it does not
Recommended by: Nassim Nicholas Taleb